{"id":28,"date":"2014-11-22T15:32:15","date_gmt":"2014-11-22T22:32:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/?p=28"},"modified":"2014-11-22T15:32:15","modified_gmt":"2014-11-22T22:32:15","slug":"using-a-rtl-sdr-dongle-to-measure-fm-deviation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/?p=28","title":{"rendered":"Using a RTL-SDR Dongle to Measure FM Deviation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I&#8217;ve very successfully used the Bessel Null \/ Modulation Index method using a rather crude test setup.<\/p>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1039\">First I made a audio patch cable with a PTT switch to go from my laptop to my handheld.<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1037\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1036\">Then I plug in my RTL-SDR dongle and open\u00a0<a title=\"GQRX SDR \" href=\"http:\/\/gqrx.dk\/\" target=\"_blank\">GQRX<\/a> spectrum analyser and tune it to the repeater input frequency and zoomed in so I could only see about 8 &#8211; 10 KHz of bandwidth at the RX frequecy.<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1035\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1034\">Then we need to figure out the audio tone frequency that would give us 4.5 KHz deviation using the First Bessel Null. There&#8217;s a few good pages on the web that get into the math and theory behind these calculations.<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1033\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1055\">Here&#8217;s how you \u00a0determine what modulation frequency you need.<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1032\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1031\">Deviation \/ 2.4 = the Modulation frequency<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1030\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1029\">2.4 is the mid index of the first Bessel null.<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_976\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1056\">So 4.5 KHz deviation \/ 2.4 = 1.875 KHz modulation Frequency. (This is the number we want)<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1057\"><\/div>\n<div>At this point I use\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/audacity.sourceforge.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">Audacity<\/a> to make a 30 sound file with a 1875 Hz sine wave tone.<\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1058\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"yui_3_15_0_1_1416694048661_1059\">I open the sound file in a music player on my laptop with the volume set at 0% and set it to loop the file continuously.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Now with the gqrx window open, I turn on the ptt switch on the patch cord and confirmed the signal was being received by gqrx. It should be a narrow spike at this time. (Probably doesn&#8217;t need to be said but make sure the antenna on the handheld is properly terminated into a dummy load or an antenna.)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>I slow increase the volume until the centre peak of the received signal dipped to it&#8217;s lowest point compared with the first side bands.<\/div>\n<div>(Spend a little time going back and forth until you get precisely the lowest point.) Now the handheld is calibrated at the correct deviation.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Next step is the repeater.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>On the controller, while still TXing with the hand held set the rx level as per the controller manual which usually is 1v P to P which is .35v rms.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Now switch the frequency in GQRX to the repeater output and adjust the TX audio pot until I get the lowest point of the null just like when I calibrated the hand held.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>I&#8217;ve since had a chance to verify the deviation with a service monitor and with this method I was able to achieve 4.6 KHz deviation which is better than most of the repeater users radios.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Instead of gqrx any other SDR spectrum analysers could be used. In Windows I think SDR# is one of the better ones.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>When I get a chance I&#8217;ll take some photos and screen shoots to up date the post with.<\/div>\n<div class=\"twttr_buttons\"><div class=\"twttr_twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Using+a+RTL-SDR+Dongle+to+Measure+FM+Deviation\" class=\"twitter-share-button\" data-via=\"@ve6sar\" data-hashtags=\"\"  data-size=\"default\" data-url=\"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/?p=28\"  data-related=\"\" target=\"_blank\">Tweet<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"twttr_followme\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ve6sar\" class=\"twitter-follow-button\" data-size=\"default\"  data-show-screen-name=\"false\"  target=\"_blank\">Follow me<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I&#8217;ve very successfully used the Bessel Null \/ Modulation Index method using a rather crude test setup. First I made a audio patch cable with a PTT switch to go from my laptop to my handheld. Then I plug in &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/?p=28\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Using a RTL-SDR Dongle to Measure FM Deviation<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ham","category-repeater-tips"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4JDFz-s","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31,"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28\/revisions\/31"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ve6sar.northernsmiths.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}